Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities

Feminine Consciousness in Banu Musthaq’s Heart Lamp: A Reading

2026-05-04T07:40:08+00:00

This paper examines the representation of feminine consciousness in Banu Mushtaq’s Heart Lamp through the metaphor of a “voice without speech,” foregrounding the silent yet powerful modes of female expression within a patriarchal social order. The narrative portrays women whose emotions, desires, and resistances are often muted by social conventions, religious constraints, and familial expectations. Despite the absence of overt articulation, these women assert their agency through introspection, endurance, symbolic gestures, and emotional resilience. The “Heart Lamp” emerges as a potent symbol of inner illumination, signifying the persistence of selfhood and moral strength even in conditions of suppression and marginalization. Drawing on feminist literary criticism, the study explores how silence functions not merely as an absence of voice but as an alternative language that communicates pain, protest, and identity. By reimagining silence as a form of expression, Heart Lamp challenges dominant narratives that equate empowerment solely with vocal resistance. The paper argues that feminine consciousness in the text operates through subtle negotiations of power, revealing the complexities of women lived experiences in a male-dominated society. Ultimately, the study highlights Mushtaq’s contribution to feminist discourse by presenting silence as a meaningful, transformative space where suppressed voices continue to speak.

A Thematic Study on Preeti Shenoy’s The Homecoming

2026-05-04T07:40:08+00:00

Preeti Shenoy’s novel The Homecoming is an emotional and profound study of human emotions, relationships and the complex impact of love and forgiveness on our lives. At one level, the novel is about coming back home, but also about coming back to emotional truth, reconciliation, and the finding of true love. The work is the emotional and heartbreaking novel written by Preeti Shenoy that turns around themes of family, self- discovery, love and the discovery of one’s roots. The story turns around Shanaya, a young woman, who returns to her hometown in Kerala after years of living away. She returns to find solace and comfort in her life after going through a series of personal and professional problems. When she discovered her relationship with her family and friends, it changed the landscape of a past she is also forced to contain her emotions and relationships. In her journey, The Homecoming also beautifully depicts the emotional complexity of returning home. The comfort of belonging is also the pain of confronting what has been left behind. This is an emotional novel that uses beautifully imaginary storytelling to show the impact of time, distance, and choice on our relationships. The story is an emotional one about self - discoveries, forgiveness, and the power of love and family.

Beyond Dollars: Materialism, Identity, and Emotional Bonds in Sudha Murty’s Dollar Bahu

2026-05-04T07:40:08+00:00

Sudha Murty’s Greenback Bahu offers a poignant exploration of family dynamics, cultural struggle, and the pervasive impact of materialism on interpersonal relationships. Through the contrasting lives of two daughters-in-law, one embodying conventional Indian value of simplicity, self-sacrifice, and emotional care, and the alternative symbolizing modernity and fabric achievement. Murty evaluates society’s growing obsession with wealth and standing. The novel delves into how the pursuit of material prosperity can erode emotional intimacy and deform familial hierarchies, in particular within traditional Indian families. By means of juxtaposing culture and modernity, Murty highlights the emotional and psychological effects of consumerism, particularly in shaping ladies’ roles and identities within the family. In the end, dollar Bahu underscores that authentic happiness and fulfilment come not from material wealth but from love, empathy, and human connection.

Patriarchal Surveillance and Female Vulnerability in A Good Girl’s Guide to Murder: A Feminist Study of Power and Resistance

2026-05-04T07:40:08+00:00

In modern patriarchal communities, young women still face constant supervision and control, which makes them vulnerable to all kinds of factors. Patriarchal surveillance operated based on social norms, moral policing, and gendered expectations that restricted women’s autonomy and, at the same time, did not help women to be subjects of violence. A Good Girl’s Guide to Murder by Holly Jackson gave a vivid example of this truth by introducing a character of Pip Fitz-Amobi. This paper examines the concept of patriarchal surveillance to create female vulnerability in the novel through the themes of social control, fear, gendered violence, and psychological pressures. Through the analysis of Pip in the investigative trial, the paper has found that young women were supervised, evaluated, and coerced in a male-dominated social system. Meanwhile, the novel highlighted female resistance and agency and demonstrated how young women challenged patriarchal constraints. This article argued that the novel reflected the lived experiences of young women in contemporary society, where surveillance and vulnerability existed together with strength and self-confidence.

History as Spectre: A Hauntological Reading of Sarah Waters’ The Little Stranger

2026-05-04T07:40:08+00:00

This article examines the relationship between hauntology and psychological realism in the context of the novel The Little Stranger by Sarah Waters through the theoretical lens of Jacques Derrida’s hauntology. Instead of affirming the existence of the ghost in the novel, this article will show that the haunting in the novel is actually a form of psychological and historical realism. The strange occurrences in the mansion took as symbols of the class anxiety and social decline in post-war Britain. Furthermore, this article will show that the ambiguity between madness and historical memory in the novel actually creates a space in which the past continuously invades the present. The horror and ambiguity in the novel will be revealed as the effect of the past on the present, rather than the effect of the ghost. This article will prove that the past, as history, is actually the main source of haunting in the novel, which directs the flow of the narrative and the psychological states of the characters.

Racial Prejudice and the Subversion of Justice: A Postcolonial and Intersectional Analysis of Tom Robinson’s Trial in To Kill A Mockingbird

2026-05-04T07:40:09+00:00

This article presents a comprehensive intersectional analysis of the ways in which racial prejudice undermines the administration of justice in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. The research focuses on the trial of Tom Robinson, a symbol of the triumph of institutional bias over truth. Using Critical Race Theory, Crenshaw’s intersectionality matrices, and colonial frameworks, the study assessed 68 examples of trial bias, 25 narrative ironies, 35 contradictions in testimony, and 18 symbols of mockingbird, highlighting physical impossibilities and his expression of empathy as accelerators of conviction. At the same time, intersectional vectors provide light on the convergence of racial, class, gender, and disability oppressions. Postcolonial studies link the “others” in Maycomb to inequities in sentencing in the United States (19.1% Black punishment differences) and the exclusion of Indian Dalits (nearly 50,000 caste offenses). The moral individualism of Atticus Finch is reinterpreted in Go Set a Watchman as confused white saviorism when the novel is read. By conducting this analysis, research gaps are filled, and 2026 teaching techniques that reduce bias by 12–20% are discovered. Using these methods, schools that are already polarized can better combat the spread of populism on a worldwide scale.

Gothic Perspective in Rabindranath Tagore’s The Hungry Stones

2026-05-04T07:40:10+00:00

The Hungry Stones provides a unique transformation of Gothic literary conventions within an Indian cultural and philosophical framework. This paper examines how Tagore employs key Gothic factors, haunted architecture, temporal dislocation, mental obsession, and the uncanny to create a surrounding of diffused dread instead of overt horror. The abandoned palace features as a Gothic space charged with ancient memory, in which silence and decay evoke unresolved desire and emotional absence. Not like Western Gothic narratives that rely on supernatural excess or violence, Tagore’s approach emphasizes interiority, restraint, and existential unease. The narrator’s gradual psychological involvement with the palace displays a descent into obsession, revealing how the past intrudes upon the present via memory and creativity. With the aid of reworking the Gothic mode into a contemplative exploration of longing, records, and human vulnerability, “The Hunger Stones challenges Eurocentric definitions of the style. The article argues that Tagore’s narrative represents a shape of postcolonial Gothic, wherein the supernatural operates as a metaphor for emotional and ancient starvation rather than as a source of terror. This reading situates Tagore as a significant contributor to the worldwide Gothic way of life.

The Fragmented Psyche: Female Consciousness and Inner Conflict in Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence

2026-05-04T07:40:10+00:00

Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence (1988) tells the story of Jaya, an Indian woman trapped by society’s expectations, emotional control, and confusion about her own identity. This paper looks at Jaya’s thoughts and feelings using ideas from psychology and feminism. Based on the theories of Freud and Chodorow, it explores how Jaya’s guilt, repression, and silence affect who she is, and how she slowly becomes more aware of herself. The study shows that Jaya’s silence is not just because of social pressure; it comes from deep inside her, shaped by years of gender inequality and emotional neglect. Her effort to balance her roles as a wife, mother, and writer reflects the inner conflict many women face in a male-dominated society. The novel, therefore, acts as a psychological journey of a woman’s life, where silence and speech become ways of coping and resisting.

Magical Realism and Alienation in Kafka on the Shore

2026-05-04T07:40:11+00:00

Kafka on the Shore is a surreal and philosophical Japanese novel written by Haruki Murakami. It weaves together two parallel stories that explore themes of identity, fate, memory, and the unconscious. The first story follows Kafka Tamura, a fifteen-year-old boy who runs away from home to escape his father’s dark prophecy, and the second story features Satoru Nakata, an elderly man who lost his cognitive abilities due to a childhood incident but gained a unique connection to the metaphysical world. Through magical realism, symbolism, and references to other texts, Murakami looks at the tension between free will and destiny, the lines between reality and dreams, and the search for meaning in a fragmented modern world. The novel is rich in classical mythology, Western, and Japanese literary traditions, and music. This creates a layered narrative that resists a single interpretation. He uses ambiguity and magical realism not just as stylistic choices but as ways to depict psychological depth and existential uncertainty. By contrasting rational thought with instinct, memory, and the unconscious, the novel challenges traditional ideas about causality and linear time. It invites readers to actively participate in creating meaning. This approach highlights the novel’s larger commentary on modern alienation and the ongoing quest for self-understanding.

Exile, Memory and the Fragmented Sense of Home: A Study on I Saw Ramallah

2026-05-04T07:40:12+00:00

Displacement and exile constitute central concerns in modern Palestinian life writing. I Saw Ramallah by Mourid Barghouti offers a profound reflection on the lived experience of exile following the 1967 Arab–Israeli War. The memoir recounts the author’s return to Ramallah after nearly three decades of forced absence and examines the complex emotions that arise from confronting a homeland transformed by time and political conflict. Rather than presenting exile merely as geographical separation, the narrative portrays displacement as a continuous condition that shapes memory, identity, and the sense of belonging. Through reflective and fragmented narration, the text reveals the tension between remembered landscapes and the altered realities of the present. The memoir thus demonstrates how personal memory intersects with collective history, illustrating the profound psychological and cultural consequences of long-term exile. By foregrounding the instability of home and identity, the work provides a compelling literary representation of displacement and its enduring impact on individual and national consciousness

Beyond the Seven Ages: Reimagining Life, Death, and Renewal in Death to Womb

2026-05-04T07:40:12+00:00

This study discusses the book Death to Womb, written by Anirudh Sreenath. The book mainly talks about identity, change, and new beginnings in human life. The stories in the book are connected to visual portraits. Each image becomes the starting point of a story. Because of this style, the book does not follow a normal story order. Many stories usually show life moving from birth to death. But in this book, death is not shown as the end of life. Instead, it becomes a moment that leads to reflection and change. This study uses three ideas to understand the text. These ideas are liminality, identity, and ekphrasis. Through these ideas, the characters in the book can be seen living in situations that are neither complete nor stable. They move between silence and expression, loss and recovery, and confusion and understanding. The title Death to Womb itself shows this movement. Death here does not mean an end. It suggests a stage that leads to a new beginning. The book also connects visual images with storytelling. Because of this connection, the stories create a space where characters slowly understand themselves and change over time. For this reason, Death to Womb can be seen as an important work in contemporary Indian English literature.

Gun Island and the Fragility of Human Understanding: A Study in Ecocriticism and Epistemology

2026-05-04T07:40:12+00:00

In the contemporary world, rapid scientific and technological advancements have fostered a widespread belief that human knowledge can fully predict, explain, and control natural and social phenomena. However, environmental crises, particularly climate change, expose the limitations of this assumption, revealing the fragility and provisional nature of human epistemology. Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island foregrounds these tensions through a narrative that intertwines ecological disruption, cultural memory, and human experience, illustrating how contemporary environmental challenges test the reliability of established knowledge systems. By situating the novel within both literary and ecological discourse, this study demonstrates that Gun Island is less concerned with the events themselves than with how these events challenge human understanding. Ultimately, the novel offers insights into the ethical and cognitive demands of living in an uncertain ecological world, positioning literature as a vital site for exploring the limits and responsibilities of human knowledge.

A Study of Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men

2026-05-04T07:40:13+00:00

This paper examines the themes of violence, morality, and the transformation of social values in Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men. Set in the Texas–Mexico border region, the novel portrays a harsh world where crime and brutality have become increasingly common, challenging the survival of traditional moral values. Through the characters of Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, Llewellyn Moss, and Anton Chigurh, McCarthy presents different perspectives on justice, fate, and human responsibility. Sheriff Bell represents an older generation that struggles to understand the growing violence of the modern world, while Moss becomes an ordinary man caught in a dangerous situation after discovering a large amount of drug money. Anton Chigurh, on the other hand, is portrayed as a relentless and ruthless figure who believes that human life is controlled by fate. Through this portrayal, No Country for Old Men serves as a powerful commentary on the decline of traditional values and the struggle of individuals to understand violence and chaos in the modern world.

A Feminist Exploration of Women’s Independence and Creativity

2026-05-04T07:40:13+00:00

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own (1929) is one of the most powerful feminist’s works that talks about women’s freedom to think, create, and live independently. This paper looks at Woolf’s ideas using the theories of Jacques Lacan, a psychoanalyst who explained how people form their sense of self and identity. It focuses on how Woolf shows a woman’s self as broken or incomplete because society, which is ruled by men, does not give her a proper place to express herself. By comparing Woolf’s essay with the ideas of feminist thinkers like Helene Cixous, Luce Irigaray, and Julia Kristeva who were influenced by Lacan the paper shows that Woolf’s work connects deeply with later feminist discussions about language, desire, and identity. Finally, the paper argues that Woolf’s idea of the androgynous mind, a mind that is both masculine and feminine, represents her wish to go beyond the strict rules of gender and to imagine a new kind of female identity that is free from male control.

Women in Dalit Literature in P. Sivakami’s the Grip of Change

2026-05-04T07:40:13+00:00

Dalit literature has emerged as a powerful medium for expressing the experiences of marginalized communities in India. It challenges the oppressive caste system and exposes the social, political, and economic injustices faced by Dalits. Within this discourse, Dalit women occupy a unique position as they experience both caste discrimination and gender oppression. This article examines the representation of Dalit women in Indian English Dalit literature with special reference to P. Sivakami’s novel The Grip of Change. The study analyzes how the novel portrays the intersection of caste and patriarchy while highlighting the struggles of Dalit women for dignity, justice, and identity. The article argues that the novel not only critiques upper-caste dominance but also questions patriarchal structures within Dalit communities, thus contributing significantly to Dalit feminist discourse.

The Inherited Noose: Masculinity, Memory, and Intergenerational Trauma in Hangwoman

2026-05-04T07:40:14+00:00

This paper will analyse the representation of masculinity, memory, and intergenerational trauma in Hangwoman by K. R. Meera, and it will place the novel in the larger discourse of marginalised voices, identity formation, and patriarchal inheritance. Although the novel has been interpreted as a feminist text that critiques state violence and gender oppression, this paper will move the discourse in a different direction by examining the neglected aspect of male trauma that is inscribed within the structure of hegemonic masculinity. Through the trope of the executioner’s lineage, the novel reveals how patriarchal systems are not only oppressive to women but also how they condition men to become violent subjects. The inherited occupation of hanging becomes a symbolic and literal noose around male subjectivity. Based on the theories of hegemonic masculinity, trauma theory, and memory studies, this paper contends that the executioner family in ‘Hangwoman’ represents a marginalised masculinity that is both empowered through state power and silenced through the weight of patriarchal responsibility. The internalised violence and emotional repression of the father signify how masculinity is understood as a performance rather than an identity. The scaffold serves as a space where the state sanctions the power of masculinity even as it dehumanises the male body that enacts it. Through an examination of the intergenerational transmission of violence and memory, this paper shows how the novel problematizes the binary construction of victimhood and power. Ultimately, ‘Hangwoman’ rewrites masculinity as a space of trauma, suggesting that patriarchal legacy serves as a form of psychological imprisonment. Through this re-reading, this paper seeks to contribute to the discourse of marginalised voices by highlighting the silencing of male emotions within the structure of representation.

Layered Marginalization and Narrative Resistance: An Intersectional Study of Karukku

2026-05-04T07:40:14+00:00

This paper reflects Crenshaw’s idea that marginalized subjects can be debarred from manifold political agendas at once and tries to distinguish between the structural and political intersectionality. In Karukku, the writer, Bama unveils the scenario of Dalit women who experiences structural repression that varies from the women belonging to the upper caste and men in Dalit community. Crenshaw’s construction of structural and political intersectionality offers a perilous vision to look into the existence of power in terms of caste, gender, religion, and class that can operate the system together in order to mould the existed practice of the Dalit Christian woman. This paper focuses on the delivery of Bama’s narratives in an alternative intersectional Dalit feminist consciousness. Caste is not a secluded individuality sign but the strong base determining each and every domain of life like education, labor, religion, and social interaction. Besides, the tale’s split form and use of colloquial Tamil function as acts of epistemological struggle, challenging both upper-caste fictional rules and conventional feminist discourse. Eventually, this paper copes with an interpretation of Karukku in par with Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality which helps to understand comprehensively on the subjectivity of Dalit women and as well expands the theory beyond its racial origins. The text puts forth the urge for the subaltern to have a liberation from the clutches of interconnected systems of the society.

An Expression of the American Experience in Hart Crane’s The Bridge: A Reading

2026-05-04T07:40:15+00:00

The idea of regeneration is central to Hart Crane’s major themes, which include death, quest, sacrifice, love, and creation. The majority of critics acknowledge that Crane’s poems encourage the possibility of ‘man’ transfiguration, and there is a sizable body of scholarly criticism addressing Crane’s poems both specifically and generally, but no thorough examination of regeneration as it manifests itself in Crane’s poetry has been conducted. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate, step-by-step, Crane’s theory of how a man can find a sense of renewal from traumatic and chaotic experiences; these experiences typically take place in the twentieth century, but they assert a fundamental universality. In contrast, Crane portrays a picture of man on a quest, always looking for and attempting to create new love and beauty in order to overcome his experiences. Suffering. The study will show that Crane’s poems contain significant acts of sacrifice as well as numerous instances of sacrificial diction and imagery because a man must frequently be willing to submit himself to whatever forms of destruction he may encounter in the quest.

Representation of Women’s Real Life vs Inner Feeling in Shobha De’s Second Thoughts

2026-05-04T07:40:15+00:00

The paper is attempted to analyze traditional woman’s life between reality and inner thought process in Shobha De’s Second Thoughts, the novel is about an Indian girl, Maya who is victimized as silent sufferer through matrimonial relationship. This novel also describes the predicament of women by the protagonist Maya who is forced to suffer silently in rigid social like male-domination. The inner feeling and complex trauma are realistically depicted. Moreover, Maya is a unique of Shobha De’s other protagonist. One way she is very traditional and doing things that her parents said and on the other side, she wants to live her life happily without any traditional and social norms. After marriage she realizes consequences of male dominated world and reality and so she starts living her life by her way and indulges in the love affair with Nikhil. Maya, in her world, tries to avoid all the traditions and her marriage with Ranjan. When she came to know about Nikhil’s fake love, she accepted the pain and again joins with Ranjan.

Writing Behind Walls: Marginalized Voices and the Politics of Representation in Prison Literature

2026-05-04T07:40:15+00:00

Prison literature occupies a powerful yet contested space within literary and cultural studies, serving as both testimony and resistance. This paper examines how marginalized voices particularly those shaped by race, class, gender, and colonial histories construct identity within carceral spaces and challenge dominant systems of representation. Through autobiographical narratives, poetry, and testimonial writing emerging from prisons, incarcerated writers reclaim agency by transforming confinement into a site of intellectual and political production. The study explores how prison literature disrupts state-controlled narratives that reduce incarcerated individuals to criminal identities. Instead, these texts foreground lived experience, collective memory, and structural critique.

Bridging Theory and Practice: Research Methodologies in Literature Language and Education

2026-05-04T07:40:15+00:00

Research methodology in literature language and education refers to the systematic and organized procedures used to investigate analyze and interpret academic issues within these disciplines. It provides structure clarity and academic rigor to scholarly inquiry. In literature research includes textual analysis thematic exploration comparative study and theoretical interpretation. In language research it includes discourse analysis sociolinguistic inquiry experimental study and corpus-based investigation. In education research it focuses on teaching strategies curriculum design learner engagement assessment practices and institutional development through qualitative quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Ethical standards sampling procedures data collection tools and analytical frameworks ensure reliability and validity. Research methodology therefore functions as the intellectual foundation that enables meaningful and credible academic contribution.

Digital Mapping of the Nineteenth-Century Novels

2026-05-04T07:40:16+00:00

This article explores how digital mapping reshapes the study of the nineteenth-century novel by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with literary analysis. Focusing on selected works by Charles Dickens and Jane Austen, the study visualizes spatial references to examine patterns of mobility, class segregation, and urban–rural contrast. By transforming narrative settings into geospatial data, the project demonstrates how mapping reveals hidden structures of social relations and movement embedded in realist fiction. Combining distant reading with close textual analysis, the article argues that digital cartography offers a methodological innovation that deepens interpretation while challenging traditional assumptions about space, realism, and narrative form.

From Silence to Participation: Technology-Supported English Learning for Students with Down Syndrome

2026-05-04T07:40:16+00:00

Inclusive education has seen the emergence of a focus on the need to meet different learning and communication requirements in ordinary classrooms. Nevertheless, the practice of English Language Teaching (ELT) is usually focused on fluency, quick oral response and standard speech performance that can also restrict the involvement of people with Down Syndrome unintentionally. Such learners often show retarded expressive speech development and strong visual learning skills and a need to interact socially. The paper discusses the relationship between technology-assisted English learning and transforming classroom experiences through facilitating effective communication and interaction. The presentation is an analysis of pedagogical use of digital and assistive technology including visual learning apps, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), speech-support software, and interactive multimedia platform. These are multi-modal tools of understanding, responding and expressing ideas even when the verbal speech is evolving at a slow pace. Technology enables repetitive practice, visual reinforcement and other communication avenues, which in turn will lower performance anxiety and build confidence in the learner. Instead of perceiving silence as a sign of incompetence, the paper allows reformulation of silence as a consequence of communicative impediments that are formed due to the conventional teaching requirements. Technology is a facilitative tool that helps in making students transitioning between passive learning and active participation in the English learning activities. Using clear-cut examples of classroom-based practice, the paper illustrates how communication-based ELT practices can be used to foster inclusion, socialization, and functional use of language by students with Down Syndrome. This paper concludes that inclusive pedagogy facilitated by technology does not only promote language learning, but also enable learners to be autonomous, dignified, and participating to make English classrooms fair places where all learners can gain communicative voices.

Between Marriage and Motherhood: A Woman’s Journey in Lessons in Forgetting

2026-05-04T07:40:16+00:00

Lessons in Forgetting by Anita Nair offers a touching look at a woman torn between the pressures of marriage and motherhood as she tries to find her identity. Set in modern urban India, the story follows Meera, a middle-class woman whose life changes suddenly when her husband leaves her. She has mostly identified herself through her roles at home, so she must face the painful truth about her emotional dependence and the expectations of society. In the novel, marriage is presented as a space influenced by traditional values, where compromise and silent suffering often overshadow companionship and fairness. In contrast, motherhood is shown as both a burden and a source of strength, requiring emotional toughness even during personal crises. As Meera deals with betrayal, loneliness, and her responsibilities to her daughters, she slowly starts to rediscover who she is beyond the identities that society imposes on her. The theme of “forgetting” becomes key to her journey, representing the deliberate act of letting go of pain and rebuilding her self-worth. Through Meera’s experiences, the novel reveals how women’s roles are changing in modern Indian society and emphasizes the need to balance family duties with personal freedom and emotional independence.

The Journey of the Fragmented Self and the Representation of Identity in Paul Auster’s The Brooklyn Follies

2026-05-04T07:40:16+00:00

Paul Auster’s The Brooklyn Follies examines the profound exploration of fragmented identities as fluid, fractured and it reconstructed through narrative, memory, and interpersonal relationships. It also demonstrates personal identity with the themes of chance and storytelling focusing on human connection. Nathan’s journey begins when he was diagnosed with cancer and lost his family support that leads to the fragmented self. He found out source to live his life by reconstructing his identity. The study argues that fragmentation focusing on Nathan Glass and other characters portrayed as not merely a condition of loss but a transformative process that enables renewal and self- reconstruction of the self.

Reclaiming Forgotten Words: Retrieval-Based Vocabulary Retention in Technology-Enhanced ESL Classrooms

2026-05-04T07:40:17+00:00

Vocabulary knowledge is usually regarded as an indicator of improvement in ESL studies, yet knowing a word does not necessarily imply that it would be utilized. Students have the ability to recognize meanings in reading or listening activities and be hesitant or even unable to say and write those words. New words also usually disappear in weeks and only remain bits in the memory. In this study, vocabulary is a skill that is to be preserved and re-proposed rather than introduced. It explores the conflict between recognition, retention and production and the impact of digital settings on vocabulary durability in Technology-Enhanced Learning perspective. The research puts the focus on the active use and does not simply accumulate the vocabulary but focuses on that which is under-utilized or forgotten at a very fast rate. It provides a theoretical framework on how technology mediated interaction and memory processes dictate the functionality of vocabulary becoming functional. To improve long term lexical retention among ESL learners, the study is of the opinion that consistent retrieval, meaningful usage, and systematic review is essential in transforming the known words into words in active uses.

Presentation of Women in the Select Indian Women Novelists’ Novels

2026-05-04T07:40:17+00:00

Indian novelists of the second and third generations who write in English have concentrated on women’s emancipation and identity exploration. Their novels now have more relevant and practical themes. They emphasise how crucial women’s equality with men is to the wellbeing of both the family and society. It is imperative that we all think about defending women’s rights and refraining from discriminating against them in any sphere of human life, including politics, business, finance, family, and commerce. The second and third generations of Indian women novelists who write in English include Shashi Deshpande, Manju Kapur, and Anita Nair. They take women’s issues seriously. This paper focuses on how traditional conflicts and the element of patriarchy subjugate women to second-class citizen status, resulting in an identity crisis for women. The paper also studies women’s search for identity and struggle for emancipation.

Echoes Across Language: Preserving Voice and Musicality in Indian Vernacular Poetry Translation

2026-05-04T07:40:17+00:00

Indian vernacular poetry embodies a rich interplay of voice, musicality, and cultural symbolism shaped by diverse linguistic tradition and oral performance practices. Translating such poetry presents significant challenges, particularly in preserving the poet’s voice and the rhythmic structures that carry emotional and aesthetic meaning. This paper examines the complexities of translating Indian vernacular poetry, focusing on how voice and musicality are negotiated, transformed or lost in translation. The study analyzes the works of the great poets such as Kabir, Subramaniya Bharathiyar, Rabindranath Tagore, A.K. Ramanujan, and Kamala Das drawing on translation theory, post-colonial perspectives, and Indian aesthetic traditions. The paper argues that translation is not the process of replication but a creative negotiation that must balance accessibility with cultural fidelity. It proposes strategies for preserving voice and musicality through adaptive rhythm, selective retention of vernacular elements, and paratextual support. By foregrounding the sonic and cultural dimensions of poetry, translators can create resonant English versions that echo the spirit of the original.

Representation of Modernist Experimentation in Hart Crane’s Select Poems

2026-05-04T07:40:18+00:00

This study examines the role of figurative language as a poetic prototype in the select poems of Hart Crane, with particular focus on White Buildings. It argues that Crane’s use of metaphor, symbolism, and imagistic compression functions not merely as ornamentation but as a central mode of meaning-making that articulates his transcendental vision. Through close textual analysis, the paper traces Crane’s poetic development from impressionism to a distinctive symbolic idiom that integrates Elizabethan conceits, modernist experimentation, and Romantic idealism. Poems such as “At Melville’s Tomb,” “Voyages,” and “For the Marriage of Faustus and Helen” reveal how figurative language enables Crane to reconcile personal experience with universal themes of time, love, memory, and artistic creation. The study situates Crane within the modernist tradition while highlighting his unique contribution to American poetry through a figurative strategy that seeks harmony and order amid cultural and spiritual fragmentation.

The Voices of the Stolen Generations: A Study of Indigenous Identity and Displacement

2026-05-04T07:40:18+00:00

This paper analyses Indigenous identity and cultural displacement in Stolen by Jane Harrison. The play presents the experiences of five Aboriginal children who were forcibly removed from their families under the Australian government’s assimilation policies. These policies, associated with the Stolen Generations, aimed at separating Indigenous children from their cultural roots in order to absorb them into white society. Such removal resulted in the loss of family bonds, language, cultural practices and connection to ancestral land. Through its non-linear structure and multiple stories, the play reveals how cultural displacement leads to identity confusion, emotional trauma and a lasting sense of not belonging. The idea of “home” runs throughout the play and reflects the characters’ deep longing to return to their families, land and connection. Each character’s life reflects a different response to displacement, showing that the effects of colonial policies are both personal and collective. This paper argues that Stolen not only exposes the historical realities of Indigenous suffering but also emphasizes the importance of reconnecting identity through memory and storytelling.

Climate Fiction, a New Perspective on Contemporary Literary Studies

2026-05-04T07:40:18+00:00

As the world faces unpredictable and unacceptable betrayal done by the human beings daily. Especially, Climate change places prominent and most discussed topic on that. A new genre, Climate fiction or often referred as Cli-Fi (1), has developed to give awareness on pollution and Global warming through literature. Few literary works have given awareness. It explores the contact between environment and human relationships. This paper also discussed the above truth and discussed the fact realistically through the authors like, Jeff Goodell, Paolo Baciagalupi, and Richard Powers. This researcher tries to shedding lights on awareness of trees cultivation, importance of nature, how it’s mingled with people’s life and new innovations used by grown countries on saving nature . This researcher analyzes from Pulitzer Prize winning author’s works to nonfictional writers till. Especially this paper concentrates and reminds on raising sea level, melting glaciers, consequences of climate change in India and South-Asian countries. The corporate power on environmental collapse leads this paper to difficult and hardest way to accept reality. This paper concluded by biotechnology a way which contributes to prevent nature degradation and provide solution to save nature through peace way.

Algorithmic Realities and the Database of Memory: A Digital Humanities Approach to Haruki Murakami’s 1Q84

2026-05-04T07:40:19+00:00

This paper examines Haruki Murakami’s 1Q84 through the critical framework of Digital Humanities, interpreting the novel’s bifurcated universe as a reflection of the tension between database logic and narrative structure. Although the story is set in the analogue year of 1984, Murakami’s narrative anticipates contemporary digital concerns by portraying reality as a system that appears algorithmic, manipulable, and layered. Through the analysis of Tengo’s rewriting of the novella Air Chrysalis and Aomame’s movement through a parallel timeline, the study proposes that the world of 1Q84functions like a simulated environment capable of modification. Drawing on theories of media ecology, database narrative, and network analysis, this study reinterprets the “Little People” and the religious cult Sakigake as metaphors for invisible digital infrastructures and systems of surveillance that shape human agency. The dual moons visible in the sky of 1Q84 symbolise a forked or bifurcated reality, echoing the logic of alternate digital environments that are increasingly becoming a part of our lives. Ultimately, this study argues that Murakami’s novel operates as an imaginative blueprint for the digital age by portraying reality as a networked system of memories, narratives, and informational structures.