Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities

Exploring the Happiness and Self-Esteem Levels of Government Primary School Teachers in Remote Hilly Regions of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand

Gauhar Fatima — 2025-04-01

India’s diverse socio-economic landscape, particularly in mountainous regions like Uttarakhand, presents unique challenges to all the inhabitants, with particular difficulties for government primary school teachers located in remote, isolated areas in hilly districts. For that reason, the significance of subjective wellbeing among these educators amplified. Therefore, this study employs a descriptive survey method to explore the underlying determinants of happiness and self-esteem, as well as their interrelationship among government primary school teachers. The findings of frequency distribution and percentage analyses reveal various trends such as male teachers reported higher levels of happiness and self-esteem. Similarly, postgraduates exhibit greater happiness, albeit with lower self-esteem than graduates. Marital status also influences happiness, with married individuals reporting higher levels but concurrently displaying more significant proportions of low self-esteem. The 41-50 age group demonstrates the highest happiness, while the 30-40 age group exhibits the highest self-esteem. Statistical analyses exhibit no significant differences in the level of happiness and self-esteem based on demographic factors. Notably, self-esteem levels have statistically significant differences on the level of happiness and vice-versa also, both the variables have a moderate positive correlation. These findings underscore the complexity of determinants and advocate for tailored interventions for enhancing self-esteem and happiness among government primary teachers.

The Price of Empowerment: Exploring Intersectionality, Capitalism, and Feminism in Top Girls

S. Roshnara Banu — 2025-04-01

This paper looks at the play Top Girls by Caryl Churchill as a critical response to feminism, capitalism and gender roles in modern society. In its narrative structure and complex female characters, Churchill presents a challenge to the conventional views of success and empowerment. The paper looks at major themes, character interactions and the socio-political critique of the play and discusses its relevance to current feminist discourse. The analysis will focus on two main theories: Marxist Feminism and Intersectionality to reveal the connections between capitalism, gender inequality and social identity in the play. In this paper, I will critically analyse the play using these frameworks to disclose the inherent contradictions in capitalist feminism and the diverse forms of oppression that women experience according to their social status. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the futility of individual empowerment in the fight against systemic barriers and will stress the necessity of collective action. In addition, it examines how Churchill uses historical and contemporary women to reveal the patterns of continued oppression. Moreover, the analysis stresses on the effects of the emotional and psychological aspects of surviving in a patriarchal capitalist society. The study is going to explain how power dynamics play out in people’s interpersonal relationships and interpersonal communication, and how this helps to understand Churchill’s choice of fragmented narrative techniques. This paper concentrates on both direct and indirect critiques of the social structures presented in Top Girls to connect the theoretical discourse with the real lives of the characters. Finally, the research also portrays intergenerational conflicts in the play which stresses on the circular nature of systemic inequalities and their effects.

Pro-environmental Behaviour for Sustainable Development: A Path to a Greener Future

Basanti Mahanta — 2025-04-01

According to the United Nations, sustainable development is revenue meeting current needs with no compromises. Upcoming generations capable of meeting their needs require a shift in human behaviour toward sustainability. Pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) refers to the actions a group of people take to reduce their negative environmental impact. Such as conserving energy, reducing waste, and supporting sustainable consumption. This behaviour is essential for mitigating ecological challenges, such as micro climate change and resource reduction, and there is also a loss of biodiversity. PEB is pivotal in accomplishing the SDGs (sustainable development objectives). This paper explores the concept of PEB, its psychological and sociological underpinnings, Practices of PEB, the title role of PEB in fostering sustainability, Challenges and Barricades to PEB, and Psychological Motivations and Social Norms in shaping PEB. The researcher thoroughly reviewed previous education policy reports, committee reports, various journals, and related literature, all suitable for this study. The Results highlight the value of education, social norms, and structural incentives in nurturing pro-environmental actions, ultimately helping to create a fair and sustainable future.

Understanding Disciplines and Subjects: A Pedagogical Innovation in Teacher Education through the Use of Flipped Classrooms

Pramila Ramani — 2025-04-01

The flipped classroom is a popular pedagogical innovation in teacher education. For the preparation of teacher preparation course Understanding Disciplines and Subjects, the flipped classroom is used. Flipped approaches have many advantages. It reverses the traditional teaching pattern by having students work outside of class and learn actively in class. Increased participation, understanding of complicated ideas, and critical thinking are examples. Technology concerns, proper instructional design, and student readiness are major challenges to implementation success. The flipped classroom study, how it might be applied in teacher education, and its potential and drawbacks are examined in this article. The results suggest that the flipped classroom can improve pre-service teachers’ education by teaching them how to understand and teach cross-disciplinary interactions. It is well-planned and supported. This creation is a step toward modernizing teacher preparation for 21st-century students.

The Role of Information Technology in Arts and Science College Libraries

P. Arul Jothi — 2025-04-01

The integration of Information Technology (IT) has significantly enhanced the operational efficiency and user experience of Arts and Science college libraries. This study analyzes the implementation of various IT tools such as cloud computing, digital catalogs, and Integrated Library Management Systems (ILMS) across ten institutions affiliated with Alagappa University. With a response rate of 80.5% from 200 distributed questionnaires, findings indicate that 100% of respondents use mobile phones, internet, and WhatsApp for library interactions. Additionally, over 90% of institutions employ digital resources like e-journals and
e-consortiums. The study contributes to existing literature by providing empirical data on IT usage in regional academic libraries and highlighting practical challenges, such as infrastructure limitations and training needs. These insights offer a comparative perspective on digital adoption trends and emphasize the need for strategic investment to fully realize the benefits of IT in academic settings.

An Empirical Study on the Consumers Behaviour and Economic Loss

R. Revathi — 2025-04-01

The expectation of consumer is attained maximum consumer surplus when he purchases the commodities. Forfeiture means a loss of money due to paid the highest amount of money rather than willing to pay for the commodity, is the economic measure of this loss of satisfaction. It expresses that the consumers are generally ready to pay a low price for the commodity than its value. Empirical research relies on experience or observation alone, often without due regard for system and theory. It is actually based on the law of diminishing marginal utility of money. The level of satisfaction is varied from consumer to consumer according to their purchasing power, intensity of demand and price level. The consumer is expected more economic benefit when he purchases the commodity but seller charges more price on that commodity that a particular commodity is very urgent needed to the consumer to satisfy present want and can not postpone purchasing it. Therefore, he is compelled to purchase it and in this situation he incurs loss.

The Development of a Leadership Model for Teachers in Learning Management in the Digital Era at Primary Schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in Chaiyaphum Province

Nutdaya Khanphou — 2025-04-01

This research aimed to develop a leadership model for teachers in digital-era learning management at primary schools in Chaiyaphum Province under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The study followed a research and development (R&D) methodology, beginning with a comprehensive review of concepts, principles, theories, and related research to establish the model’s foundation. This literature review helped define key components essential for teacher leadership in digital learning environments. A panel of nine experts assessed the model’s validity and suitability before its implementation to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. The model was tested with 30 teachers selected through purposive sampling. Assessment tools included pretests and posttests to measure knowledge development, along with a satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate teachers’ perceptions of the model. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods such as mean, percentage, and standard deviation to ensure accurate interpretation of results. The study findings revealed that the developed model consisted of five key components: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) content, (4) process, and (5) evaluation and assessment methods. Additionally, clear guidelines were provided to support the model’s implementation in schools, ensuring ease of application for teachers. The expert panel rated the model’s validity and suitability highly, confirming its effectiveness in fostering teacher leadership in digital-era learning management. After implementing the model, teachers demonstrated high competency levels across five essential areas: (1) technology-enhanced learning management, (2) proactive leadership, (3) teamwork, (4) creative learning, and (5) classroom research. The assessment results indicated that all competencies reached the highest level, suggesting significant improvements in teachers’ leadership skills, instructional capabilities, and ability to integrate technology effectively. Furthermore, teachers expressed a high level of satisfaction with the leadership model, particularly regarding its practicality and effectiveness in enhancing their ability to manage learning in the digital era. These findings underscore the model’s potential for widespread application in primary schools, contributing to long-term teacher development and improved student learning outcomes in an increasingly technology-driven educational landscape.

An Ubuntu Remedy for Cognitive Decolonization of Environmental Degradation

Ridwan Ishola Mogaji — 2025-04-01

The issue of environmental degradation globally is considered endemic to human well-being and the environment. This, over the years has attracted various responses from diverse spheres; cultural, religious, and philosophical perspectives. They highlight the role of belief systems in shaping environmental ethics, with much emphasis on stewardship and communitarian values. However, despite all attempts to contain this global issue, persistent psychological barriers, particularly confirmation bias and anchoring bias, continue to hinder progress in addressing environmental degradation. Informed by this problem, this paper examines how these biases in this context built on anthropocentrism, prevent individuals and societies from adopting sustainable behaviors despite global campaigns and awareness of climate change and its effects. Considering that many proposed solutions have failed to adequately address the psychological factors that reinforce environmentally destructive habits, this paper establishes that it is contingent on the lack of a comprehensive approach to recognizing and at the same time overcoming these mental barriers. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes the philosophy of Ubuntu as a remedy for mental decolonization, by encouraging a turn from human-centered thinking to a more interconnected, holistic view of nature. To this end, this study analyses the intersection between psychological biases and environmental ethics, and at the end shows how the Ubuntu philosophy could remedy the problem that exists. The paper argues that by adopting Ubuntu, individuals can deconstruct biases like confirmation and anchoring, which enables them to build a mindset that views the environment as a co-tenant of the Earth rather than a resource for neither exploitation nor abuse. This shift not only addresses the psychological barriers to environmental preservation but also promotes sustainable, ethical practices through a collective sense of responsibility.

The Effectiveness of the Stakeholders’ Strategy in Combating Drugs - An Analytical Study

Ali Maleh Mahdi — 2025-04-01

This study addresses drugs and addiction as one of the most severe global issues, significantly affecting Iraqi society. Relevant parties, both official and unofficial, strive to combat this problem through laws, strategies, seminars, and workshops. Despite these efforts, drug prevalence is increasing, raising questions about the effectiveness of these entities. The research aims to assess the role of these entities and the effectiveness of the national drug control strategy, using an analytical approach. The study concludes that these entities need to improve their efforts.

The Interplay of Culinary Cuisine and Literature: A Cultural and Narrative Perspective

Sahin Khatoon — 2025-04-01

Culinary cuisine and literature have long been intertwined, reflecting cultural identity, societal norms, and historical evolution. This paper explores the representation of food in literary works, analysing how authors use gastronomy as a narrative device to convey emotions, traditions, and social constructs. Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate and Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time identifies the symbolic meanings of cuisine and its role in character development, plot progression, and thematic depth. Utilizing critical theories such as structuralism, postcolonialism, and feminism, this study uncovers the multi-layered significance of food in literature. The findings suggest that food not only nourishes the body but also serves as a cultural artifact and a storytelling medium that shapes human experience.

Exploring the Poetics of Ecological Grief in Indian Poetry: Reflections on Environmental Loss and Awareness

C. M. Lakshmi Nair — 2025-04-01

This research investigates the intersection of poetic expression and ecological grief in modern Indian poetry. The study examines how Indian poets express emotional and cultural responses to environmental degradation, climate change, and loss of biodiversity through selected poems by Agha Shahid Ali, Arundhathi Subramaniam, and Jayanta Mahapatra. These poets reflect on themes such as the lamenting of vanishing landscapes, the extinction of species, and fears surrounding ecological breakdown, highlighting on traditional ecological knowledge and a deep-rooted connection to nature. Through close analysis of the texts, the paper examines the employment of imagery, metaphor and narrative form to create a deep feeling of loss and urgency. The poets’ works serve not only as calls to environmental awareness and collective responsibility but also as wonderful works of art. By placing ecological concerns in their verse, these voices highlight the power of poetry to inspire reflection and action in the midst of environmental crises. Ultimately, this study highlights the role of literature as a critical lens for understanding ecological grief and advocates for the integration of literary perspectives into broader environmental discourse.

A Study on the Adjustment Behavior of Pre-service Teachers in Dindigul District

T. Sarala — 2025-04-01

The behaviour form of adjustment has certainly shaped the development of pre-service teachers influencing their academic success, feelings, and efficiency as a teacher in the future. This study examines the adjustment behavior of pre-service teachers in the Dindigul district, concentrating on the influences of gender, locality (rural vs. urban), and medium of instruction (Tamil vs. English). A total of 150 pre-service teachers participated, completing a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire crafted to evaluate various adjustment factors. The results revealed significant differences in adjustment patterns based on gender (t=3.548, p<0.05), locality (t=4.173, p<0.05), and medium of instruction (t=3.628, p<0.05). Female pre-service teachers exhibited better adjustment behaviors (M=140.98, SD=20.530) compared to males (M=126.73, SD=27.965). Rural pre-service teachers faced greater difficulties (M=142.88, SD=22.424) than their urban counterparts (M=127.06, SD=23.678). Additionally, Tamil-medium pre-service teachers demonstrated superior adjustment (M=144.02, SD=22.889) over English-medium peers (M=130.11, SD=23.551). The study reveals that pre-service teachers require specialized training programs which should adapt to their specific needs to help their successful start in teacher training programs and their future teaching career.