Tholkappiyam and Vertebrate Animals

தொல்காப்பியமும் முதுகெலும்பற்ற விலங்கினங்களும்

Abstract

In the scientific world we live in today, the fundamental branches of science are generally considered to be four: 1) Physics, 2) Chemistry, 3) Botany, and 4) Zoology. In line with this understanding, school science curricula up to the 10th grade treat these four disciplines as foundational. Among these, the study of plants and animals falls under Biology. Biology is the science of naturally occurring living beings, encompassing all plants and animals in the world. Accordingly, biology is divided into botany and zoology.

The study of the structure, classification, organs, functions, and living environments of organisms falls under the biological study of living beings, providing a framework for understanding the diversity and characteristics of life forms.