An AI-Driven IoT–Blockchain Framework for Secure and Fair Smart Agriculture

Abstract

The rapid digitalization of agriculture has introduced smart farming solutions; however, challenges such as data security, lack of transparency, and limited farmer profitability continue to persist. Conventional agricultural systems rely heavily on intermediaries and fragmented technologies, leading to unfair pricing and reduced trust among stakeholders. To address these issues, this paper presents an AI-driven IoT–Blockchain framework designed to enable secure, transparent, and fair agricultural practices. The proposed system integrates real-time data acquisition from IoT-based environmental sensors with artificial intelligence models for predictive analytics, enabling informed decision-making in farming operations. Blockchain technology is incorporated through smart contracts to ensure tamper-proof transactions, transparent pricing, and direct interaction between farmers and consumers. A secure backend infrastructure with role-based access control further strengthens data integrity and user trust. The framework has been fully implemented and tested in a real-time environment, demonstrating its feasibility in supporting youth participation, enhancing farmer income, and promoting trust-driven agri-commerce. Experimental results indicate improved operational efficiency, secure data handling, and reliable transaction management, making the framework suitable for scalable smart agriculture applications